Sigmund Freud\u2019un (1900) psikoanalitik r\u00fcya teorisi, r\u00fcyalar\u0131n bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131 arzular\u0131n dolayl\u0131 bir ifadesi oldu\u011funu savunur. Freud\u2019a g\u00f6re r\u00fcyalar, genellikle \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6nemi bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f arzular\u0131n ve d\u00fcrt\u00fclerin simgesel bir ifadesidir; bu arzular, r\u00fcyada a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karken bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen sans\u00fcrle \u015fekil de\u011fi\u015ftirir (Freud, 1913). Freud\u2019un r\u00fcya analizi, manifest i\u00e7erik (hat\u0131rlanan k\u0131s\u0131m) ile gizil i\u00e7erik (bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131 anlam) aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 vurgular. Manifest i\u00e7erik, r\u00fcyan\u0131n y\u00fczeysel k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururken, gizil i\u00e7erik bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda saklanan arzular\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r. Freud\u2019a g\u00f6re r\u00fcyalar, bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u201cistek tatmini\u201d yoluyla bireyin psikolojik dengesini korumas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunur (Freud, 1900).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Carl Gustav Jung (1964), r\u00fcyalar\u0131n bireysel deneyimlerin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek kolektif bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. Jung\u2019a g\u00f6re, kolektif bilin\u00e7d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan arketipler r\u00fcyalar yoluyla kendini ifade eder. Arketipler, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n evrensel psikolojik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n birer par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve bireyin i\u00e7sel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne katk\u0131da bulunur. Jung, r\u00fcyalar\u0131n bireyin kendi i\u00e7sel y\u00f6nlerini ke\u015ffetmesine ve \u201ckendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme\u201d s\u00fcrecine ula\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtir (Jung, 1968). Bu teoriye g\u00f6re, r\u00fcyalar ki\u015finin psikolojik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlamland\u0131rmas\u0131nda kritik bir rol oynar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aksiyon Sentez Hipotezi, J. Allan Hobson ve Robert McCarley (1977) taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olup, r\u00fcyalar\u0131n rastgele beyin sap\u0131 aktivitelerinin korteks taraf\u0131ndan anlamland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015ftu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. Bu hipoteze g\u00f6re REM uykusu s\u0131ras\u0131nda beyin sap\u0131ndaki pontin tegmentumdan \u00e7\u0131kan sinyaller korteks taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenir ve r\u00fcyalar olu\u015fur. Hobson ve McCarley, bu s\u00fcrecin r\u00fcyalar\u0131n anlams\u0131z olabilece\u011fini savunarak r\u00fcyalar\u0131n herhangi bir psikolojik anlam i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer (Hobson & McCarley, 1977). Ancak bu hipotez, r\u00fcyalarda sembolik anlam arayan teorilerle ters d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Antti Revonsuo (2000), r\u00fcyalar\u0131n evrimsel bir i\u015flevi oldu\u011funu ve bireyin tehditlerle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma yetene\u011fini geli\u015ftirdi\u011fini savunan Tehdit Sim\u00fclasyon Teorisi\u2019ni ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu teoriye g\u00f6re, r\u00fcyalar bireyi potansiyel tehlikeli durumlara kar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan sim\u00fclasyonlard\u0131r. Revonsuo\u2019ya g\u00f6re, r\u00fcyalarda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan tehditler evrimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te bireyin hayatta kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olabilir (Revonsuo, 2000). Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, \u00e7ocuklukta daha s\u0131k tehdit i\u00e7erikli r\u00fcyalar g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin, geli\u015fimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan bireyin tehdit alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir (Valli et al., 2005).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Calvin Hall (1966) ve G. William Domhoff (2003) taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen Devaml\u0131l\u0131k Hipotezi, r\u00fcyalar\u0131n bireyin g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. Hall ve Domhoff\u2019un ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, r\u00fcya i\u00e7eriklerinin bireyin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki duygular, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler ve ya\u015fant\u0131larla b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu hipoteze g\u00f6re, r\u00fcyalar uyan\u0131k ya\u015famda ya\u015fanan sorunlar\u0131n ve kayg\u0131lar\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r (Domhoff, 2003). Bireyin g\u00fcndelik ruh hali ve ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli olaylar, r\u00fcya i\u00e7eri\u011finin belirlenmesinde anahtar rol oynar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Levin ve Nielsen (2007) taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilen Duygu D\u00fczenleme Teorisi, r\u00fcyalar\u0131n bireyin duygusal dengesi \u00fczerinde d\u00fczenleyici bir i\u015flev \u00fcstlendi\u011fini savunur. Bu teoriye g\u00f6re r\u00fcyalar, \u00f6zellikle travmatik deneyimlerin i\u015flenmesine ve duygusal adaptasyon sa\u011flanmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunur (Levin & Nielsen, 2009). Duygu d\u00fczenleme hipotezi, r\u00fcyalar\u0131n travma sonras\u0131 stres bozuklu\u011fu (TSSB) ya\u015fayan bireylerde travmatik an\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015flenmesine ve emosyonel tepkilerin d\u00fczenlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Robert Stickgold ve Matthew Walker (2002) taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen Haf\u0131za Konsolidasyon Teorisi, r\u00fcyalar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenilen bilgilerin uzun s\u00fcreli bellekte i\u015flenmesini ve kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirilmesini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrer. REM uykusunda meydana gelen r\u00fcyalar, sinaptik ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine ve \u00f6\u011frenilen bilgilerin sa\u011flamla\u015fmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunur. Bu teori, r\u00fcyalar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle karma\u015f\u0131k bilgilerin d\u00fczenlenmesi ve zihinsel becerilerin peki\u015ftirilmesi s\u00fcrecinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur (Walker & Stickgold, 2004).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rosalind Cartwright ve William Dement gibi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, r\u00fcyalar\u0131n problem \u00e7\u00f6zme i\u015flevine sahip oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bu teoriye g\u00f6re, bireyin g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k sorunlar r\u00fcya s\u00fcrecinde i\u015flenir ve r\u00fcyalar bireyin yarat\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme becerilerini geli\u015ftirmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flar (Cartwright, 1978). \u00d6zellikle yarat\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce gerektiren alanlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filerin r\u00fcya s\u0131ras\u0131nda ilham alarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler buldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
David Foulkes (1985) taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen N\u00f6ro-Bili\u015fsel R\u00fcya Teorisi, r\u00fcyalar\u0131n \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6neminde bili\u015fsel geli\u015fime katk\u0131da bulundu\u011funu savunur. Foulkes\u2019e g\u00f6re, r\u00fcyalar \u00e7ocu\u011fun zihinsel s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini yap\u0131land\u0131ran bir i\u015flev g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme becerilerinin geli\u015fimine katk\u0131da bulunur (Foulkes, 1999). Bu teori, r\u00fcyalar\u0131n n\u00f6ro-bili\u015fsel geli\u015fim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemini vurgular ve \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6nemindeki r\u00fcya g\u00f6rme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"